Newly discovered scaffold supports turning pain off
From: http://www.world-science.net/exclusives ... ijuana.htm
The active compound responsible for marijuana’s “high” is called delta nine tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC. This and related compounds, in high doses, tend to restrict the release of a chemical called glutamate from brain cells, Sarne and colleagues argued. This effect can be helpful because excess release of glutamate—which is also an essential chemical messenger in the brain—is implicated in various disorders, including Alzheimer’s.
This, the scientists wrote, may explain why THC-like compounds, called cannabinoids, help protect brain cells in cases such as ischemia, or blocked blood vessels; excitotoxicity, or overstimulation of nerve cells; and even physical injuries.
Studies suggest cannabinoids temper glutamate release by partially blocking molecular gateways in nerve cells, known as voltage-dependent calcium channels, Sarne and colleagues wrote.
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The active compound responsible for marijuana’s “high” is called delta nine tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC. This and related compounds, in high doses, tend to restrict the release of a chemical called glutamate from brain cells, Sarne and colleagues argued. This effect can be helpful because excess release of glutamate—which is also an essential chemical messenger in the brain—is implicated in various disorders, including Alzheimer’s.
This, the scientists wrote, may explain why THC-like compounds, called cannabinoids, help protect brain cells in cases such as ischemia, or blocked blood vessels; excitotoxicity, or overstimulation of nerve cells; and even physical injuries.
Studies suggest cannabinoids temper glutamate release by partially blocking molecular gateways in nerve cells, known as voltage-dependent calcium channels, Sarne and colleagues wrote.
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Re: Newly discovered scaffold supports turning pain off
The discovery, detailed in a study led by neuroscience professor Paul Worley, M.D., of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, focuses on a family of proteins called group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) that lie on the surfaces of nerve cells. When these receptors lock in glutamate, a chemical that neurons use to communicate, it encourages neurons to fire. Without a way to turn off these receptors, neurons would remain active indefinitely, keeping pain and other responses going long after they're useful. Previous research suggested that these mGluRs need to bind to another protein called Homer to shut down, and that this binding is stronger after other molecules called protein kinases modify the receptors. However, Worley explains, thus far it's been unclear exactly how all these different players come together. Seeking the mechanism behind this phenomenon, Worley and his colleagues started with a series of experiments to see what other proteins the mGluRs and Homer were binding with in rat brains. Their search turned up a third protein called Preso1, which bound to both mGluRs and Homer. A search in genetic databases shows that the gene responsible for making Preso1 is present in animals ranging from fruit flies to people, highlighting its importance in a wide variety of creatures.rcain wrote:From: http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-07-n ... -pain.html
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