Re: Dr. Park invites questions from the community
Posted: Thu Feb 04, 2016 12:12 am
Only ten questions? Where to begin...
The machine designed to achieve and demonstrate high Beta effects had wide separations between magnets. Does this reflect improved cusp confinement compared to WB6 and imply a need to keep ExB losses from becoming dominate? For that matter, without a deep potential well, is Ion cusp losses dominating the picture over electron cusp losses in this machine, at least as higher Beta is reached?
How much did the internal magnetic field measuring coaxial cables limit achievable Beta?
Is there a reconciliation between this machines low Beta cusp confinement numbers and those claimed for WB6? WB6 was ~ 60 passes , while this machine was ~7 passes. Given that simple biconic mirror confinement was quoted as ~ 5-8 passes (in the older patent application), the numbers for this machine ('Mini B' as it has been called here) seem small. Is the increased magnet spacing distance combined with the overall smaller size (relative differences magnified) significant, despite the increased B field strengths?
The reported neutron counts for the relatively large reaction space in WB7 and 8 [EDIT- error, no known counts from WB8 ] seem modest compared to simple amateur fusor reports with only modestly higher voltages, and this is ~ 3 orders of magnitude less than that claimed for WB6. Was deep potential wells obtained in WB7,and 8? You mention that deep potential wells was obtained in 1995, how about in WB7 and/ or 8?
The bridging nubs may have been a major source of sputtered plasma in WB6 with an unknown percentage of the greater than 40 Amps of high energy electron current hitting them. Was this found in WB7.0? Did the elimination of these nubs starve the machine of a plasma source?
If highly positively charged magrid cans leads to loss of central dominate potential well in the corner cusps, can this be mitigated by moving the charge to a ribbon on the outer surface of the cans-effectively increasing the radius of the accelerating positive electrode by a few cm or more?
Bussard reported that the average speed of ~ 10 KeV injection energy electrons in WB6 was about 10 million cm/s. This presumably reflects the effects of a deep potential well, with the electrons spending a major portion of their lifetimes at significantly slower speeds. Without a deep potential well the average speed is significantly higher. This is significant for Bremsstruhlung radiation and also for confinement as measured by time, not so much for number of passes measure. Is this consideration reasonable?
Can a neutral beam of slow electrons matched with fast ions serve as both an efficient electron injection and cool ion injection source? This presupposes a positive charge on the magrid (outer surface only charge tolerable?) to accelerate the electrons while slowing the ions .This may serve to keep the beam more narrow than pure electron beams of the same current while also allowing for cold ion injection. The ions would give up most of their energy to the positive magrid (a direct conversion effect) and enter the machine at low voltage cool conditions. Further cooling inside the machines through radiation losses might keep them adequately trapped in the potential well. Better electron injection efficiency is hopefully achieved. This opens up other questions and compromises, but is this a possible solution?
Without sufficient positive charge on the magrid, recirculation is only possible by the electrons (and ions for that matter) looping around to another cusp. Is this possible to do with sufficient efficiency despite ExB and instability issues? Will an additional layer of external magnets be necessary? This seems to be the approach championed by Dr McGuire at Lockheed. Do you feel that electron recirculation is a needed feature for the Polywell, or can primary high Beta cusp confinement of electrons suffice?
As asked by another poster, do you feel a D-D half cat reaction is possible? In my limited understanding a machine that requires a dedicated D-T reaction for profitability adds a lot of additional challenges, especially from an economical perspective.
What is your take on several mechanisms that have been proposed for application to the Polywell. These include edge annealing, effect of the potential well on Bremsstruhulung losses, effect of diluting the high Z fuel (He3 or B11) on Bremstruhlung losses versus fusion output, etc.
Dan Tibbets
The machine designed to achieve and demonstrate high Beta effects had wide separations between magnets. Does this reflect improved cusp confinement compared to WB6 and imply a need to keep ExB losses from becoming dominate? For that matter, without a deep potential well, is Ion cusp losses dominating the picture over electron cusp losses in this machine, at least as higher Beta is reached?
How much did the internal magnetic field measuring coaxial cables limit achievable Beta?
Is there a reconciliation between this machines low Beta cusp confinement numbers and those claimed for WB6? WB6 was ~ 60 passes , while this machine was ~7 passes. Given that simple biconic mirror confinement was quoted as ~ 5-8 passes (in the older patent application), the numbers for this machine ('Mini B' as it has been called here) seem small. Is the increased magnet spacing distance combined with the overall smaller size (relative differences magnified) significant, despite the increased B field strengths?
The reported neutron counts for the relatively large reaction space in WB7 and 8 [EDIT- error, no known counts from WB8 ] seem modest compared to simple amateur fusor reports with only modestly higher voltages, and this is ~ 3 orders of magnitude less than that claimed for WB6. Was deep potential wells obtained in WB7,and 8? You mention that deep potential wells was obtained in 1995, how about in WB7 and/ or 8?
The bridging nubs may have been a major source of sputtered plasma in WB6 with an unknown percentage of the greater than 40 Amps of high energy electron current hitting them. Was this found in WB7.0? Did the elimination of these nubs starve the machine of a plasma source?
If highly positively charged magrid cans leads to loss of central dominate potential well in the corner cusps, can this be mitigated by moving the charge to a ribbon on the outer surface of the cans-effectively increasing the radius of the accelerating positive electrode by a few cm or more?
Bussard reported that the average speed of ~ 10 KeV injection energy electrons in WB6 was about 10 million cm/s. This presumably reflects the effects of a deep potential well, with the electrons spending a major portion of their lifetimes at significantly slower speeds. Without a deep potential well the average speed is significantly higher. This is significant for Bremsstruhlung radiation and also for confinement as measured by time, not so much for number of passes measure. Is this consideration reasonable?
Can a neutral beam of slow electrons matched with fast ions serve as both an efficient electron injection and cool ion injection source? This presupposes a positive charge on the magrid (outer surface only charge tolerable?) to accelerate the electrons while slowing the ions .This may serve to keep the beam more narrow than pure electron beams of the same current while also allowing for cold ion injection. The ions would give up most of their energy to the positive magrid (a direct conversion effect) and enter the machine at low voltage cool conditions. Further cooling inside the machines through radiation losses might keep them adequately trapped in the potential well. Better electron injection efficiency is hopefully achieved. This opens up other questions and compromises, but is this a possible solution?
Without sufficient positive charge on the magrid, recirculation is only possible by the electrons (and ions for that matter) looping around to another cusp. Is this possible to do with sufficient efficiency despite ExB and instability issues? Will an additional layer of external magnets be necessary? This seems to be the approach championed by Dr McGuire at Lockheed. Do you feel that electron recirculation is a needed feature for the Polywell, or can primary high Beta cusp confinement of electrons suffice?
As asked by another poster, do you feel a D-D half cat reaction is possible? In my limited understanding a machine that requires a dedicated D-T reaction for profitability adds a lot of additional challenges, especially from an economical perspective.
What is your take on several mechanisms that have been proposed for application to the Polywell. These include edge annealing, effect of the potential well on Bremsstruhulung losses, effect of diluting the high Z fuel (He3 or B11) on Bremstruhlung losses versus fusion output, etc.
Dan Tibbets