LENR Is Real

[tomclarke]

Axil - as I see it your argument here so far is:

Weird and wonderful things happen in science.

LENR is weird and wonderful

Therefore LENR happens in science!

[Axil]

Tom Clark said:

One side of this is the Coulomb barrier: stuff in lattices has energy of 10s of eV (else it would not be in the lattice!) whereas nuclear needs 10s of keV, assuming all sorts of reaction enhancements.

Since power is the product of voltage and amperage, to achieve an effective level of reaction power, we can make up for the very low voltage of the lattice by an increase in the amperage.

Rather than having just one particle with a high voltage, we can have many sub atomic particles all working as one through entanglement to produce the required power level.

That is the key to understanding how Strongly Correlated Material operates in condensed matter. It has been experimentally demonstrated in nanoplasmonics that a power concentration level of 10^^15 watts per cm2 can be produced using surface plasmon polaritons.

The NiH reactor has just increased that power production level by just 6 or 7 orders of magnitude.

Furthermore, Nanoplasmonics have just make possible a polariton laser that can pump out a photon power level of 10^^13 watts/cm2 at room temperature.

Polaritons can concentrate power to the required level to produce LENR reactions.

[tomclarke]

I can't see how higher current could help surmount the Coulomb barrier, also if not a single particle the issue is power density close enough to the target nucleus for nuclear reaction time*c to be > distance here.

But, as I said above, it is lack of products that is the more severe constraint, since something no-one has thought of could maybe deal with Coulomb Barrier sometimes, wherea in LENR lattices.

[tomclarke]

I can't see how higher current could help surmount the Coulomb barrier, also if not a single particle the issue is power density close enough to the target nucleus for nuclear reaction time*c to be > distance here.

But, as I said above, it is lack of products that is the more severe constraint, since something no-one has thought of could maybe deal with Coulomb Barrier sometimes, wherea in LENR lattices.

[Axil]

Tom Clark states:

The Coulomb barrier is worse than it seems: the timescale of nuclear reactions means that the required energy must be available within a small volume (a single nucleus) there is no way for collective behaviour of multiple nuclei to participate in this because they are too far away.

The character of the EMF produced by SPPs can be deduced by understanding that in order for a SPP soliton to form charge must be delocalize from the SPP soliton through fractionalization of the properties of the electron. What remains is spin.

An anapole magnetic field is projected from the entangled and coherent SPP soliton which acts remotely to irradiate multiple target nuclei for transmutation. These target nuclei could be the hydrogen atoms confined in a Rydberg crystal. The limits of this remote reaction distance are subject to the inverse square law of EMF.

In the NiH reactor, the polariton soliton forms at the tip of the nanowire that cover the micro particles. The nuclear reactions primarily takes place in the hydrogen envelope immediate to the tips of the nanowire. Multiple hydrogen atoms are transmuted by the anapole magnetic field. As a rare secondary reaction, nickel in the nanowire will interact with hydrogen. This lack of nickel destruction is why the NiH reactor can operate for many months without failure.

[Axil]

Tom Clarke states:

The other side of this is that nuclear reactions, once they happen, have multiple paths all of which result in high energy released, and therefore high energy products. The energies here are MeV typically. Some paths also result in neutrons released which whether high or low energy are easily detected - solitary neutrons are a no-no and neutrons can only stop being solitary by transmuting elements.

One advantage that the NiH reactor has over standard nanoplasmonic reactions is that there is a positive feedback loop with the transmuted atoms that brings the energy made available through nuclear reconfiguration of multiple hydrogen atoms into the soliton via a tight coupling of the magnetic field.

The soliton absorbs this energy to grow stronger until it can no longer can absorb any more reaction energy; the polariton soliton then explodes in a "bosenova" which distributes it XUV energy for further thermalization.

This explosion process has been experimentally observed and publicly reported by DGT.

[KitemanSA]

Well, it STARTED OUT as an interesting topic. That ended about half way thru the first page.

[ladajo]

Well if folks would stop citing Rossi and DGT as "proof"...

[Axil]

Tom Clarke States:

The biggest problem for LENR is the lack of nuclear products. It is also the easiest way to detect LENR - if it were real the nuclear products produced, even at very low levels, could be detected and would be unambiguously nuclear in origin.

Informed through experimental results, Hora and Miley proposed a LENR nuclear products mechanism that is very close to what goes on in the NiH reactor..

http://www.fondazionefrisone.it/eventi/ ... eactio.pdf

Cluster Reactions in Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENRs)

ABSTRACT

Cold fusion reactions can be divided into two broad classes: deuterium reactions producing
excess heat and helium; and transmutations of host metal atoms, termed Low Energy
Nuclear Reactions (LENRs). Here we review some unique facts about a special class of
LENRs leading to an array of transmutation products in thin-film electrodes of palladium
(Pd) or nickel (Ni) highly loaded with hydrogen (H) or deuterium (D). This phenomena is
explained in terms of the formation of an intermediate compound nucleus, one of which is
identified as the double magic number compound nucleus = 306X126. The formation of this
nucleus requires a multi-body reaction between the D (or H) and the host metal. This is
explained in terms of a proposed D (H) cluster formation. Such clusters can react
collectively with palladium nuclei leading to a compound nucleus.

A cluster of hydrogen squeezed between the metallic lattice from Condensed Matter Cluster Reactions in LENR Miley Hora Yang

The clusters are collections of hydrogen nuclei called protons, or deuterium nuclei called deuterons (which are protons with an added neutron). Clusters are thought to be composed of 1000 hydrogen nuclei or more, all bunched up together.

Dr. Miley uses the language nuclear active environment NAE to describe these localized clusters that lead to a reaction, cratering the surface.

When the hydrogen is so close together, an NAE will ultimately produce fusion products, creating both excess heat energy and heavier elements. It is these heavier elements which then may break apart, fissioning, creating the plethora of new transmutation elements directly measured in his cells.

Dr. Miley proposed that a very heavey element is produced by cluster fusion of many protons in the NAE: Compound nucleus = 306Xe126.

Then the very heavy Compound nucleus fissions.

In reality, the intense magnetic field projected by the polariton soliton energized the vacuum into the accelerated production of virtual particles. This roiling volume of vacuum will destabilize an enveloped Rydberg crystal of hydrogen atoms up to 1000 in number.

The magnetic field up to 10^^16 tesla in strength will catalyze pions that create a quark gluon plasma which then cools into a predictable array of elements based on the 3 fold nature of the quark.

This cooling produces elements favoring magic numbers of protons and neutrons.

See section” LENR Results” in the reference.

The distributions of elements that are formed are identical to what was produced during the big bang and therefor difficult to delineate from normal matter in the universe.

Light elements like boron, lithium and beryllium are predominate in this condensation of the quark soup as seen in the results provided by DGT at iccf-17: a conference.

Radioactive isotopes are stabilized within picoseconds because of the high virtual particle creation rates inside the active volume of energized vacuum.

It is hard to understand this key concept in LENR: how a strong magnetic field can produce pions which destabilize matter, so here are two references to this process.

http://physik.uni-graz.at/~dk-user/talk ... 112013.pdf


QCD in strong magnetic field

http://hector.elte.hu/budapest14/slides ... 3_0204.pdf

QCD transition in magnetic fields

[Axil]

Tom Clarke states:

As an engineer look at the improbabilities here:
(1) find some way round the Coulomb barrier. Seems impossible but many such things turn out to be possible, so let us suppose this can be done.
(2) a mechanism to get rid of ALL reaction results.

Regarding #1

As I posted above, Condensed matter generating a knot of electrons had be observed in the production of cooper pairs of electrons in type II superconductors. When condensed matter is configured correctly, the coulomb barrier can be overcome.

You seemed to not understand my preceding posts regarding barrier suppression referencing type II superconductors or not read them or if read, not wishing to acknowledge them.

Regarding #2 as posted above dealing with the quark soup.

[Axil]

Tom Clarke states:

This, from an engineering POV, is the problem. How could any such "product processing" method be so 100% reliable that results are never seen? Worse - all nuclear reactions have multiple reaction pathways, with different results: gammas, alphas, betas, neutrons. We need a whole set of "product processing" mechanisms all of which work 100% if the time.

And no such product processing method has been shown to exist, let alone one that works 100% of the time. We need at least 3 different product processing methods for neutrons, gammas and betas/alphas. All of which are tuned to work perfectly in every single LENR experiments.

Now, again as an engineer, look at the evidence. Work over 30 years has failed to find any reaction products. The simple solution for this is that there are no reaction products because there is no fusion. Theoretical work over the same period has failed to find any plausible mechanism for "product processing", except the W-L gamma shield. That does not wash because it would vanish as soon as the W-L slow neutron generation mechanism stopped, whereas nasty gammas from neutron capture intermediate product decay would continue for the half-life of whatever intermediate products you have.

This is true in principle. But what is not true is that gammas and other reaction product are never seen. Each LENR system is unique and demonstrates it own reaction characteristics.

For example in Piantelli's experiments, 6.1 MEV protons are seen.

Gammas are seen in an early Rossi demo when the reactor was cold at startup and shutdown.

To gain some perspective on the Rossi affair, it is good to offer a point of comparison. Now it is possible to do this because A new LENR WO patent application got published on May 30 2013 by Etiam OY, a Finnish LENR start-up.


This application has very detailed descriptions of its claimed process methods based on Rydberg matter and many other processes including polaritons.


From the Etiam OY patent application, LENR reactions are cited that produce gamma radiation as stated in some experiments that they have been described therein.

It is well accepted by science that polaritons (a boson) can form Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). In fact, BEC is the most natural state for polaritons because of their strong interactions through photon sharing. When a global condition of BEC is established in a polariton lattice, gamma quantum mechanical frequency reduction of nuclear emitted radiation is what thermalizes that gamma radiation.

Because polaritons are almost massless, their condensate can tolerate temperatures up to 2300K experimentally demonstrated.

In a point of comparison, Rossi has engineered BEC into his system after a long and difficult R&D process whereas the Finnish startup company Etiam OY has not done this important step yet. As in early Rossi systems, this failure to produce BEC causes gamma radiation to still occur in the Etiam OY system.


This application has very detailed descriptions of its claimed process methods based on Rydberg matter and many other processes including polaritons..


Link to this PA:


http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicat ... cale=en_EP

From the patent, LENR reactions are cited that produce gamma radiation.

From some experiments that they have performed as follows:

Stating a COP of 10.

[0261] The following non-limiting examples illustrate the present technology.

EXAMPLE 1 [0262] Nickel nanopowder having an average particle size of 10 nm was is mixed with pyroelectric lithium tetraborate L12B4O7 crystallite powder having particle size range of about 100 nm - 1000 nm. L12B4O7 crystallite powder was prepared by mechanically crushing commercial L12B4O7 crystals to powder. The powder mixture is placed to the reaction cartridge. The reaction container was connected to a hydrogen gas line receiving hydrogen gas from a pressurized hydrogen gas bottle. The reaction container was also connected to the cooling fluid circulation. The reaction container was pressurized with hydrogen gas to 20 bar (gauge) and slowly heated to 400 °C.

[0263] It is assumed that the pyroelectric crystallite powder was polarized by the temperature changes within the reaction material. The temperature of the reaction material was altered with external control (cooling fluid circulation) to keep the pyroelectric crystallite powder polarized. The system started to produce gamma radiation that had specific gamma photon energies.

Generated thermal energy was removed by the cooling fluid circulation from the reaction container. The amount of collected thermal energy was much larger than the energy used for pre-heating the reaction container. After the test the reaction cartridge was de-pressurized and let to cool to room temperature for several days. The reaction material obtained from the cooled reaction container contained possibly some helium gas and traces of copper and beryllium that were not present in the original reaction material before the experiment. The construction materials used for the reaction container were originally free of copper and beryllium.

EXAMPLE 2 [0264] The experimental setup was the same as used in Example 1 but nickel nanopowder was replaced with titanium nanopowder and lithium tetraborate was replaced with piezoelectric quartz S1O2 powder. Externally controlled mechanical vibrations (ultrasonic source) provided the original electric field by polarization of the piezoelectric material. A lot of thermal energy was produced during the experiment. The COP was over 10. After the reactions the reaction material obtained from the reaction container possibly contained traces of vanadium isotopes and phosphorus that were not present in the original reaction material, although contamination from the steel used for the construction is not entirely excluded.

[0265] Secondary nuclear reactions forming stable isotopes from non-stable isotopes release more energy along time depending on the half lifes of the non-stable isotopes until the system consists only of stable isotopes. It is not yet certain how far along the titanium isotope chain it is possible to proceed. It is herein hypothesized that lighter titanium isotopes are fused with hydrogen into heavier titanium isotopes via non-stable vanadium isotopes.

[0266] It is not yet known how extensive and fast is the deterioration of the crystal structure of polarizable dielectric materials while operating the system at conditions favorable for fusion. The probability of proceeding further in the transmutation chain from the just created element to the next heavier element (a proton added) is possibly weakened locally after the first fusion reaction but the extent of deterioration that destroys locally the favorable fusion reaction conditions (high local electric field strength) for the transmutation is not yet clear.

EXAMPLE 3 [0267] The experimental setup was the same as used in Example 1 but nickel nanopowder was replaced with zirconium nanopowder and lithium tetraborate was replaced with multiferroic BiFe03 powder. Externally controlled magnetic field provided the local electric field by polarization of the multiferroic material. It is hypothesized that hydrogen was fused with zirconium because quite a lot of thermal energy was released accompanied by noticeable gamma radiation. After the reactions the reaction material obtained from the reaction container possibly contained traces of niobium and molybdenum isotopes that were not present in the original reaction material, although contamination from the steel used for the construction cannot be entirely excluded.

[Axil]

Tom Clarke states:

Changing hats, as a scientist you look at LENR and say it is no good because it does not predict anything definite (except reaction products - which we do not see!). Excess heat is a non-specific prediction. The main characteristic of LENR is that it is flakey and not reliable - rather like experimental error! A hypothesis which does not predict anything can never be disproved but is equally not much good. Ask what evidence could come from experiment that would disprove LENR and you will see what I mean! It can never be disproved, which explains why people who are both bad engineers and bad scientists go on chasing it.

I have spent time going through your post, you might want to spend some time going through my posts.

LENR predicts that the half life of radioactive isotopes will decrease proportional to the strength of the magnetic field generated in the polariton process.

Please reread post

viewtopic.php?f=10&t=5429&start=30#p112988

[Axil]

It looks like the report won't be released to the public on the summer solstice, which would have been wonderfully symbolic.




Andrea Rossi

June 19th, 2014 at 5:58 PM

Eernie 1:

1- to sleep well I suggest to all who are not sleeping to read the biased critics against LENR ( all of them)

2- we are not advertising anything, we are making R&D in this phase of our work

3- the ones that critic the report before reading it are just displacing air with their tongues: not an effective way to make hurricanes. Just ignore them.

Nobody is kept in the dark, everybody is waiting patiently for the results of a huge, long, difficult work whose output will be important. The Professors are, obviously, aware of the importance of this work and are keeping all the necessary time to make the best possible work. I am conscious of the fact that the results can be positive but also could be negative.

Warm Regards,

A.R.

[ladajo]

we are not advertising anything

That is really funny.

Has he already forgotten about his pre-order campaign as well as the Ecat website and licensing sales?

This guy is so full of shit.

[tomclarke]

Well - with the proviso that Rossi is FOS and anyone believing anything he or his cronies say has either not been paying attention the last 4 years or has a screw loose....

Axil your points about LENR are as follows.

(1) You claim various theories that you say explain LENR. The key matter for us to consider is whether they predict anything testable. You say they do. We will see. I'll defer that till later, because my point above was that Coulomb barrier was the smaller of the two difficulties for LENR.

(2) You counter the "no product" argument by saying that LENR experiments have observed reaction products.

I disagree. Strongly.

There have been isolated claims of such, either not repeatable or not clearly distinguishable from other (non-product) low-level contamination or one-off experimental artifacts which are very easy to find. Thus to my knowledge there is nothing ever found that would unambiguously identify LENR. If there were unambiguous reaction products detected in an LENR reaction it would be big news.

If LENR were real the level of excess heat claimed should be accompanied by unambiguous products of many different sorts all of which would be easy to detect and clearly indicate something real and nuclear. That would indeed be a smoking gun. In 30 years of trying (and boy have they tried) it has not been found.

(3) You cite papers by Simakin, Shafeev and others that show e-m radiation can influence nuclear reactions.

(a) These papers show that unstable nuclei can have half-life varied by strong high frequency e-m fields. This is not contentious and mechanisms are understood. But it is far far away from getting over the Coulomb barrier. Persuading a not very stable nucleus to split a bit sooner (or even a lot sooner) than it normally would does not require overcoming the Coulomb barrier.

(b) They claim that SPP's (surface resonances) can amplify e-m fields and therefore this effect. That is likely true, though speculation. They claim very high amplification factors (corresponding to very high Qs). That is rampant speculation with no evidence. The reason it is not likely is that although very high Q's are possible in SPPs at low intensity, at high intensities nonlinearities (well understood and unavoidable in solids) are likely to reduce Q and so the ability to get very high Q is much reduced. I would not say eliminated - I don't know enough to say that - but any extrapolation of low intensity SPP Q to high intensities is counter to physics as we know it.