Is this the solution to all our energy problems?
Can two guys in a small office in smoke sitting on the solution to the climate crisis? Merger of ultra dense hydrogen will give us cars and drones with unlimited range. Houses can be unplugged easily. Or is it just wishful thinking?
In an industrial building in smoke that no one in the Norwegian public has heard about, barely enough either in academia, sitting PhD student Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen bent over a small reactor of thick metal. Even before the grant research began, he experienced that up to 20 times as much energy coming out of the reactor as what he put in.
Was it cold fusion he witnessed?Aftenposten wrote last summer about the research in this field, which is not accepted in science excellent company. But now the American physicist Association, which until now has been dismissive, begun to publish works of scientists who believe the effect is real.
The closest mythical energy cold fusion (also goes under the name LENR for Low Energy Nuclear Reaction) does reportedly when hydrogen (in the form of deuterium) is energized in one form or another. Hydrogen atoms merge with each other and simultaneously releases an enormous amount of energy.
The energy released is far, far greater than that applied. It's like fire in the fireplace, really, just that nuclear fusion, emit a million times more energy than the chemical process of combustion.
Unlike combustion does not cold fusion quickly out of fuel. As with many other cold fusion researchers have Zeiner-Gundersen long time measured an energy production that is so high that it is impossible to completely explain it in that it only takes one or another chemical reaction.
Will change all energy
- The so-called Coloumb barrier between two cores suggests that what we see here is not possible. That I acknowledge. But I note that it still happens. Therefore we have focused on finding bugs in our own methods, through probably 1,000 days of tests. The result varies, but we note still that the reaction takes place. I'm guessing that within three years, thinking completely differently about energy than today. Perhaps 5-10 years we see this used in aerospace, for the propulsion of vehicles, boats and aircraft, think Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen.
Researchers who have been doing this for decades claims that it will be possible to create an energy that is so enormously powerful and so cheap that we will be able to provide enough energy to power a city Hamar in a year of fusion energy from a glass of water - without harmful radiation or emission. Such energy would be so strong that it can be economically far more affordable to pull harmful CO2 back from the atmosphere, or make saltwater into freshwater. It will simply be the solution to all our energy problems.
But while thus has more of LENR researchers difficulty getting published material in reputable scientific journals. They acknowledge as well that they lack a credible theory behind the experimental results they get in the lab. Nuclear fusion will in fact not be possible without massive energy levels that simply can not be produced at any laboratory table, according to physicists working at CERN.
The results that have come since the summer is still more remarkable and carries with it a much higher degree of scientific credibility than before.Meanwhile, the only Norwegian physicist who will comment on the case that even the new and solid scientific findings published possibly due to a new energy source.
Impossible to explain which chemical reaction
Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen takes nevertheless a genuine PhD degree at the so-called Rydbergmaterie (see graphic) at the University of Iceland.Rydbergmaterie is probably a precursor to cold fusion, according Zeiner-Gundersen. It also believes his supervisor in Iceland, Svein Olafsson. He is a professor of solid state nuclear physics and has since 2014 made efforts which also confirms cold fusion. Olafsson, who has been chairman of the Icelandic physicist Association for several years and has also done experiments at Isolde laboratory CERN, picks happily up the phone when Aftenposten rings.
- For me LENR effect an experimental reality. I have studied some of the 500 - 1000 articles published in the field since 1989. We can already say that we have discovered so enormous energy that this source within 5-10 years will transform all energy. But it will take time before the world understands it. You could compare it to when Wright brothers first flew.They flew in 1903. But it was not until 1908 that they broke through.People did not believe it before they even saw it. When such a breakthrough occurs in the public consciousness, there will be enormous resources to the field.
400 scientists worldwide believe in it
Until now there have been very few and far between academics Olafsson, who endorses the cold fusion. It is taught in LENR at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), but at the start of the course students are warned that their choice of study might harm their career.
One of the reasons that Olafsson now may speak so cocksure about which among physicists most perceived as impossible, is that he is not alone anymore. For example, the physicist Robert Duncan, like the American physicist association itself pointed out to make an independent examination of the phenomenon, convinced.
- We are now an informal network of some 400 physicists worldwide who work with matter and look at cold fusion as real, says Olafsson.
Another reason why he feels confident the research Leif Holmlid. He is professor emeritus of chemistry at the University of Gothenburg and has a long career both helped assess potential laureates of the Nobel Committee, and has published over 200 scientific articles. Unlike LENR researchers most, the work of both Olafsson and Holmlid published in the prestigious journals of the American Physical Society, with its 50,000 members is the largest organization physicist. There will be no more "mainstream" than that.
Holmlid would still rather not called LENR researcher or associated with the concept of cold fusion. He got in autumn published startling results from the pursuit of a new energy source in one of the journals of the American Physical Society, AIP Advances. Svein Olafsson characterizes Holmlid follows:
- Until now, cold fusion research groped blindly, because we have not had any credible theory about what's going on. But with Holmlid work we have a path that we can start walking. I would not be surprised if Holmlid ends with getting the Nobel Prize for what he now found out, says Olafsson.
Impossible according to the current laws of physics
There are several things that make disregard for cold fusion is naturally among physicists in general. Fundamental physical laws dictate namely two things: One is that any merger process must emit radiation, and the second is that the so-called Coloumb barrier must be exceeded to initiate fusion.
Coloumb barrier is a nuclear pushing nuclei apart. Traditional theory suggests that one must up the energy levels of millions of degrees to start a process that will nuclei to collide, merge and release large amounts of energy through fusion.
Cold fusion researchers have for years claimed that they can initiate a merger process with some equipment on a desk. This has the established scientific community refused to accept since 1989. When declared namely the American Physical Society by a show of hands at a press conference that cold fusion could not have taken place since it was measured neutrons, only four weeks after the news of a new energy source had gone worldwide.
The physicists then knew nothing about, the extreme fabric ultra dense deuterium, which Holmlid later detected. This drug is admittedly not experimentally fully verified.
According Holmlid has nevertheless a local density which makes it weighs mind-boggling 130 tons per. liter. If you had a milk carton with ultra dense deuterium in the refrigerator, would carton turned hole through your house immediately.
The substance is 1,000 times denser than solar core. The quantities used in the experiments are fortunately only ultra thin flakes and is therefore not dangerous heavy. This material contains the secret that makes cold fusion is possible, according Holmlid.
- I think it's ultra dense deuterium that can explain all the results from experiments with cold fusion, he said.
It is worth noting that virtually all LENR experiments using just deuterium, which in different ways are packed as closely as possible into a metal and then energized.
The tests vary from time to time
In ultra dense deuterium is the core particles according Holmlid theory so dense that Coloumb barrier is no longer an insurmountable obstacle. With just a little extra energy begins nuclei to fuse and emit extremely high energy.
This theory may also explain why it is so difficult to repeat LENR experiments with similar results. The tests can be namely like to repeat, and it is published over 100 such repetitions since 1989, but the amount of energy that comes out is highly variable from time to time.
The reason is, according Holmlid the merger takes place in the microscopic fracture zones within the solid metal substances deuterium loaded in. Since it is impossible to create the interior of a metal sample 100 percent identical from time to time, it may become violent fluctuations in the effect of attempts to experiments, depending on exactly how the metal is composed.
When Holmlid initiated the process of laser pulse on ultra dense deuterium came always one or other form of energetic particles (radiation) out. But what kind? The researchers looked and looked for different types with different detectors. After much ado, they found eventually that laser pulse of ultra dense matter emits so-called muons, contrary to assumptions.
Olafsson is accepted to give a talk about the experiment for just the American Physical Society in April.
One of the "problems" with both Holmlid attempts and cold fusion research is that experiments only produce very little radiation. It's no wonder that physicists most do not believe that it can proceed fusion at room temperature, because all fusion according to the laws of nature MUST produce radioactive radiation. Another article by Holmlid and Olafsson found that even with no laser pulse arises a weak radiation similar to that detected in the second cold fusion experiments. Olafsson think that ultra dense deuterium may have two different methods to conduct a nuclear process.
Revives research from the 50s
The interesting thing with the discovery of muons is that this is extremely coveted and rare particles. They can be used to conduct so-called muon-catalyzed fusion, which was discovered already in the '50s. The method has never received special attention because muons are far too costly to produce.
Now therefore Holmlid discovered a rich source of the extremely coveted particles. The next step now is to use them to drive a fusion reactor. This he has already signed a contract with the so-called incubator at the University of Gothenburg to realize industrially.
The idea is to replace the dirty boiler in existing coal power plants with a pure fusion reactor, which is also much cheaper to operate because it almost does not need fuel. Already from the beginning there will be more economical with such a merger than to burn coal, think Holmlid. He believes that all the necessary scientific findings are now done. The professor think we already 2-3 years could see a completely finished, new energy ready to full-scale commercialization.
Unfortunately emits myonkatalysert merger also pretty much radiation.Next steps Holmlid will be to achieve myonindusertfusjon, which almost will not emit radiation. Muons are so weak that they are stopped by a few centimeters of concrete or steel. In addition muon negatively charged. That means they can be used to produce electricity directly, without producing steam first.
How about a fusion power plant in the basement?
Holmlid envisions that by mass should be able to build small fusion power the size of a small refrigerator. Such home power plants could produce 15 kilowatts. This is about what you need to keep your home with electricity.The device need not be greater than it can be placed under the hood of an electric car instead of batteries. The price, according Holmlid get depends on laser technology chosen, but probably will be at some ten thousand crowns. Regardless this will be quickly recover your investment for someone who has a house, which typically have 20,000 kroner in annual elutgifter.
To cover a small country's energy consumption in a year, estimates Holmlid that there will be enough with about 100 kg deuterium. 100 kg of deuterium costs at current rates no more than 700,000 crowns. No good news for a country that lives off oil. But for the world as a whole would something like that be an absolutely insane energy revolution.
The big question then becomes: Is this too good to be true? Holmlid has published the findings publicly, and the basic process he can therefore not take a patent on anymore. He has the right, the world is just in front of a solution to the whole problem of climate change, which many consider to be humanity's greatest problem. When something sounds to be too good to be true, it is what often.
- Ultra Dense deuterium is not experimentally proven fully and there is no scientific groups who have tried to repeat your experiments?
- Unfortunately, the biggest problem in this field lack of interest. I will help anyone who will try to replicate what I've done. Unfortunately it is not so very easy. But I hope someone tries. It would make everything much easier for me.
Wanted King
The findings of Holmlid and Olafsson, and also earlier findings on cold fusion field, is seen as credible among mainstream physicists. Physics Professor Dieter Röhrich at the University of Bergen has seen some of Svein Olafsson and Leif Holmlid latest publications for Aftenposten and also had a two-hour videoconference with them to clear up any confusion.Nevertheless, he is still very critical.
He acknowledges that any radiation from the experiments would be a sensational discovery, but is far from convinced.
- Many claim that they have discovered radiation are presented in the articles, but no irrefutable evidence presented. To measure an unknown radiation source is complicated, and I do not see that they have managed to do it, he says.
- But the material is the accepted by the prestigious American Physical Society and was peer reviewed by them?
- Peers are not infallible, and they can not - and should not - check everything. It does not have to be about a scam that I mean either. Most likely, the results caused by wishful thinking. It's easy to get caught in their own world and not see the mistakes you make. That is why we in CERN has several experiments that largely does the same. A minimum is that experiments must be so nondescript that they can be repeated. But I do not even understand what they want to measure - muons, electrons, gamma radiation or neutrons, says Röhrich. He acknowledges myonkatalysert fusion is possible, but notes that the muon lifetime is so short that the technology is unlikely to make practical application.
Yet he is not entirely dismissive to further explore the findings.
Svein Olafsson has been watching criticism from Röhrich.
- I understand actually criticism from Röhrich well. We had a good discussion, and I agree that probably 95 percent of everything that has been done within the cold fusion field is experimental error. Most have only using luck managed to produce energy. But the last 5 percent is scientifically published. Röhrich do not know cold fusion literature and have not had time to go through all these experiments. Therefore he shows a healthy skepticism which I respect, says Olafsson.
New battle for heavy water
Svein Holmlid chemist and nuclear is not his specialty. Olafsson, who is a physicist, points out however that Holmlid is at home because his first discovery in 2008 was done with standard experimental methods of physical chemistry, and had nothing with nuclear making.
- Holmlid experiments are structured so that any minimal sign of radioactivity is a simple, beautiful, strong and irrefutable evidence that get immediate consequences for the mystery cold fusion. Such fusion is observed in over 100 published articles since 1989. But radioactivity can be turn on and off in a controlled manner, is not possible by any known theory, he says.
He points out that he does not claim to have resolved the matter and found the answer.
- But we claim that we have found requires explanation. In order to progress, we need lots of additional research and help from other groups.Three scientists can not do this job alone, emphasizes Sveinn Olafsson.
Various groups arguing thus the reality. Where does oil nation Norway up in this? It may be worth recalling that the more popular name of deuterium is heavy water. Are we seeing a new battle for heavy water?
Let's head back to smoke, there's father Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen watching her son's PhD degree. M.Sc. Day Zeiner-Gundersen has even two doctorates, is chairman of small Norse AS and sets with the money and the laboratory that makes it possible for his son to carry out research funded by industry. Today has followed the LENR field since 2001.
Sindres father Day Zeiner-Gundersen has even two doctorates and has been anxiously engaged in cold fusion for many years already.
Borgen, Eagle
- Norse AS've seen enough that we now know that LENR gives a real effect. But one should be very careful with quick conclusions since possible sources of error are numerous.There is surprisingly little LENR research in Norway, a discipline that several players around the world are researching. Very much of the research we are doing in this country has a little too much with a "snuggle research." Maybe petroleum crisis will get Norway to wake? We certainly can not continue as we have done. At 50 years, we have people contaminated as much as throughout human history. Future challenges in energy must be resolved by examining several options, including the controversial, says Dag Zeiner-Gundersen.
Are you interested in this technology can save the world father disaster?Aftenposten has written several cases concerning various aspects of cold fusion:
