Cold fusion in your microwave in 10 minutes

[Rick Meisinger]

Rust (iron oxide) is almost non-magnetic, and in certain forms makes up a significant component of clay. If the "graphite" was from pencil "lead" as has been indicated before, the charcoal could have reduced the FeOx to Fe metal which is usually magnetic. No mystery here.

Iron shavings is a convenient ingredient. It may rust rapidly, but any number of substitutes could be used. Black sand, often found with gold in placer prospecting, is , well... black, and highly magnetic and stable. It manages to survive in water for many years. I am not certain of the chemical composition and consistency of 'black sands' but it is easily available to frustrated gold prospectors like me.

Dan Tibbets

What a great hobby, gold prospecting! I wonder if there will ever be such a thing as transmuting for gold.

[Torulf2]

Now I have made some pre experiments but not the final test.

First I tested for iron in magnetic pencil lead.
Pencil lead contains graphite and clay. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencil

<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/77233366@N08/6807574732/" title="lab-1 by Torulf, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7189/6807 ... 32764b.jpg" width="500" height="498" alt="lab-1"></a>
http://www.flickr.com/photos/77233366@N ... otostream/

1. The "lead" was tested with an neodymium magnet. It was clearly attracted to the magnet. ferromagnetic.
2. The "lead" was made to powder in a mortar.
3. It was mixed with concentrated hydrochloric acid ad leaved over the night.
Most iron oxides, hydroxides solved in hydrochloric acid.
4. It was boiled and cooled.
5,6. It was filtered and the solution stored in a bottle.
The solution is yellow -greenish witch can come from Fe3+
7. The solution was putted in an plastic spotting plate. The acid I used was also put there for control the presence of Fe contamination. For the Fe test I used solutions with K4(Fe(CN)6) , KSCN and ammonium hydroxide.
8. Here are a test of the test solutions. I used FeCl3, FeSO4 and NiSO4.
9. The result of the test.
The colours clearly show the presence of Fe3+.
The colours are not exactly the same because the strong acid. The ammonia did become ammonium chloride and did not react with iron. There also seems to be a little contamination of the plastic. In future test of Fe I clean the plastic with diluted HCl.
There can of course be more substances than iron in the pencil lead.

200g natural graphite was get from the e- bay.
Before I start to put in the microwave oven I test it for Fe.
There was some small grain attracted to the magnet so there seemed to be little iron.
I repeated the extraction with hydrochloric acid. And the solution get a strong yellow -greenish colour. The test with K4(Fe(CN)6) and KSCN clearly indicates large iron content.

<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/77233366@N08/6807641682/" title="Graphite Fe by Torulf, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7039/6807 ... 50bced.jpg" width="381" height="500" alt="Graphite Fe"></a>
http://www.flickr.com/photos/77233366@N ... otostream/

So this natural graphite contain iron even if there is not much ferromagnetism. As KitemanSA said, nonmagnetic rust (hematite and iron hydroxides) can be reduced by graphite in strong heat to metallic iron, in same way as in a iron furnace. A far better idea than transmutation.

Now I are washing graphite in several steps with hydrochloric acid. The extracted Fe is take care of for making a qualitative analysis of the Fe content. It will take some days to get clean graphite. I will run test in the microwave oven with both the natural graphite and the cleaned graphite.

I have only find graphite grains attracted to the magnet, no grains were repelled.
Pyrolytic carbon would be repelled due to strong diamagnetism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolytic_carbon
I have some memory abut carbon ferromagnetism but can not find something about it. Dos somebody know something about that?

Soon as I get the graphite iron free I will proceed the test.

[GIThruster]

So looks like we already have a conclusion. Egely did a magnetic test of carbon, then added the pencil led, then had it move. Without the microwave treatment, it would have moved, so there's no evidence of fusion.

The question is, did he do this test to the carbon alone, without the pencil lead, by mistake? Did he in fact not know the magnet would move the pencil lead?

Well, lets try to be generous. He's a moron or a charlatan. I'd be willing to settle more moron.

[bhl]

Egely had mass spectrometry done for a complex sludge as well as the titanium alloy. He has likely done a test on pure graphite--it is cheap. I'm not sure why he didn't show the results for the most simple test, but I have emailed him to inquire.

There are also a number of other claims of transmutation of (pure) carbon by electrical spark: http://amasci.com/freenrg/carbiron.html

"All results of the transmutation of Fe have been carefully examined and analyzed by several methods including: magnetic inspection, spectroscopic analysis, chemical analysis, and examination by reagent, confirmed by authoritative testing agencies."

However, I have not seen any accompanied by a x-ray flourescence analysis. But I don't think the science is by any means settled. (Where does the energy go?)

I hope some people give it a try. Microwaves can be found on craigslist.org or at Goodwill for $25 (keep the wife happy!). Make sure the magnetron is on the side of the unit and has 800-1000w.

[Torulf2]

Thanks bhl, I will look at that paper.
My experiments have been slowed because I had to repeat washing the graphite with hydrochloric acid but now I have clean graphite.

[bhl]

I got a response to some quick questions from Dr. Egely. I am posting them here. I wish I had asked a few of the questions better, but it shows he is willing to answer questions.

His web site has additional links: http://greentechinfo.eu/

Dear Dr. Egely,
...

Do you have a similar test for pure carbon?
For instance, if you put N grams of 99%+ pure Carbon in your microwave experiment for 6 minutes, what is the final weight? What does the mass spectrum results show?

How much energy should have been released (E=MC2) and how many watts of energy were used?

Have you tried running a heat transfer fluid through the plasma to see if the excess heat can be used?
I would also recommend trying to get a PayPal (https://paypal.com) account and add a donate button on your Green Technology site. Most people in the USA have them and can easily send small donations without stamps or wire transfer issues.

Dear Brad,

I am not much of a letter writer, but I try my best.

Transmutable carbon mass
No there are no calculations (it would be based on so much uncertain assumption, that the result would not be useful).
The main trouble with the test is that some of the carbon simply evaporates and condenses somewhere on the wall of the E.M. resonator, and some leaves it as the first 3 generators of the reactors are not airtight.

Titanium and pure carbon
We have made similar tests with silver and lead. The problem is again that we cannot collect gas samples and vapor samples (as for Sodium, Lithium, etc.) A good test would consist of a gas analysis (time of flight mass spectrometer), quadrupole spectrometer (for the solid condensed matter, for the total nucleon number, and finally X-ray emission analysis by electron beam (proton number for the same sample)
We could not afford these, usually only the X-ray (proton number) analysis.
We have made tests with pure, nuclear-reactor neutron moderator graphite, but it included also a 3-cm long “dirty graphite” pencil lead also. After some 10-minute treatment only a small shiny ball remained. (The test result is shown on the website.)
The charcoal tests yield a different, highly inhomogeneous grain of different composition. Moreover, if we use different acoustic resonators (spheres with different holes), the chemical structure is different again.
My hunch is again that different harmonics in the plasma oscillations yield different results. Further, different material “seed” impurities also influence the local composition.
So the interpretation is “foggy”, and the tests are too expensive for our household budget.

How much energy is released?
For the 3rd generation reactor (rectangular aluminum box on the 2nd film) the microwave energy input is about 500 W (total input is about 1 kW). The thermal output from the E.M. resonator is about 1.2 kW. Not much, but nothing is optimal yet, there are two more resonances to be added if we can find the financial resources.

Heat transfer through the plasma
If we introduce a small amount of gas (or any dirt) into the plasma it is ok up to a point, but then it cools the plasma. It is better to cool the acoustic resonator, even better to cool the E.M. resonator.

The PayPal button is a good idea, thanks. We'll try it.

Best wishes,

George Egely


P.S. If you don't mind, I'd like to post your letter along my reply, as others might ask the same questions. I do not have enough time to repeat the answers.

[Torulf2]

Hi this will take longer time than i thought.
The graphite is still not iron free so I have to wash it some times more and to the weekend I not at home.
Please be patience.

[bhl]

I put ~1g activated charcoal (course granulated, from a new fish tank filter) in one of a sturdy Pyrex ramekin.

Microwaved on high for 1 minute. Lots of white sparks, and saw a 2 or 3 one second plasma fireballs with the distinctive buzzing sound.

After one minute the temperature was 83C/182F. No damage to the microwave or pyrex bowl.

After a recent move, I can't seem to find my large mortar/pestle or any strong magnets... so next step will be delayed.

Torulf2, can you do a baseline test with your initial raw graphite?

[Torulf2]

Yes I will do a baseline test with the initial raw graphite.
And a test with iron free graphite mixed with non magnetic (red) iron oxide.

[Rick Meisinger]

The following is a post on Facebook http://www.facebook.com/EnergyCatalyzer by Olle Welin:

I was test in my garage the Dust fusion experiment http://greentechinfo.eu/ and I got the same result: The charcoal powder was magnetic after plasma in microwave owen. See my Youtube video. Have I made magnetic coal or is it LENR ? what do you think?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=en ... phNiI&NR=1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVzE5CA1 ... ure=relmfu

[bhl]

Nice work Rick... XRF services can be found online for about $25 a scan.. Or maybe someone here has access to one and will run your before and after samples.

I took a stab at reproducing the experiments too...

Small bursts of plasma.. using course grained carbon...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phtULRN030c

No plasma... just heat with smaller sand-sized grained carbon.. with surprise at the 1 minute mark.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q176cmHGywo

[Rick Meisinger]

Nice work Rick... XRF services can be found online for about $25 a scan.. Or maybe someone here has access to one and will run your before and after samples.

I took a stab at reproducing the experiments too...

Small bursts of plasma.. using course grained carbon...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phtULRN030c

No plasma... just heat with smaller sand-sized grained carbon.. with surprise at the 1 minute mark.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q176cmHGywo

The videos were actually done by Ollie Welin. I have been trying to reach him to see if he did a before analysis. He did use pencil graphite so he likely had some Fe in his sample.

Thanks for sharing your videos, very interesting, especially the fireballs. I see now why quartz was recommended; the pyrex did not hold up.

Hoping to see if someone will do a good test of the sample. If transmuted Fe is present it would have to be in very minute quantities in such a short test.

[Torulf2]

Hi now have I made some tests of microwave graphite. It turned not well out and my microwave oven get some harm. But it was fun to play mad scientist again. I want to make this experiment in a good way. I may have time for this in the summer. If some one find were to buy cheap synthetic graphite please tell me. Have forgiveness with my bad gingrich.

Graphite in a microwave oven.

Torulf Greek 2012. 04. 06

My aim with this experiments was to test claims by George Egely, that its possible to make carbon transmutation to iron in a microwave oven. http://greentechinfo.eu/
I also have some alternative hypothesis for why he getting magnetic powder from the experiments.

I see there possible explanations to the production of the magnetic particles.

1.Transmutation of carbon to iron.
Normally fusion of carbon occurs in old stars at millions of degrees. But there can be other ways if the phenomenon of low energy nuclear reaction LENR really exist.

2.Production of ferromagnetic carbon.
Carbon can make lots of atomic configurations. Pyrolytic carbon can become strongly diamagnetic. It may be some unknown ferromagnetic carbon?

3.Contamination of iron and reduction.
The used graphite can have a contamination of un magnetic iron compounds. This can be reduced by carbon in the heat to form magnetic oxides or metallic iron.
Its not sufficient to only test the iron content with a magnet.

For test for iron content I used simple chemical indicators for Fe3+.
K4(Fe(CN)6) solution gives blue precipitation with Fe3+.
KSCN solution gives red solution with Fe3+.
The KSCN is far more sensitive than K4(Fe(CN)).
The extraction of Fe was made with concentrated hydrochloric acid.

The acid was first confirmed to be iron free. Then a sample of the graphite was extracted with the acid and tested. The test showed that the graphite was highly contaminated with iron. This powder was sold at e-bay as pure natural graphite. This seems to mean that there are only natural contaminations.

It become necessary to clean the natural graphite from iron with concentrated hydrochloric acid. But to solve Fe2+ is slowly. The washing was repeated six times with HCl and after that washed with ion free water. The HCl and water is saved for later determination of the iron content.
After the washing a sample was extracted with HCl. Despite the extensive attempts, its gives a slightly indications for Fe with KSCN, no with K4(Fe(CN)6).

Photo.
Here is pictures of the tests.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/77233366@N ... hotostream

1.My microwave oven before the test. Equipment and Gieger counter.
2.The washed graphite.
3.The set up for the first run.
4. After the first run, before its cooled. Notice the bubble on the bowl.
5.After its cooled.
6.Set up for the second run.
7.During the second run.
8.After the second run was stopped.
9.The chemical test for Fe of test1.

First test.
Some of the washed graphite powder was put in a porcelain crucible, putted in a Pyrex bowl and cowered by a Pyrex flask. The microwave oven was set at 800W and 5min.
The powder started glowing and give some sparks. No plasma was observed.

After 5 min its stopped. The outer glass bowl partial melted and crack then its got cooled
the porcelain crucible was fix in the melt glass bowl and the base come off and the powder get out. The powder was collected but the weight was spoiled.

Second test.
I took some natural graphite with the original iron content in my second and last porcelain crucible, put it on a porcelain bowl and put a Pyrex baker over it . The microwave oven was set on same as the first test.
After about 30 seconds the test was stopped due to the crucible cracked apart.
No plasma was seen, but then open, the powder was on fire. There was also a big crack in the microwave ovens glass disk.

After this I had no more crucible and stop the tests.

Analysis of test 1.
The powder from the first test was extracted with HCl and tested for iron.
Its give a slightly indication of Fe3+.
Slightly blue for K4(Fe(CN)6)
And some red for KSCN

The neodymium magnet attracted some magnetic particles not seen in the washed graphite before the microwave test.

The dirt on the Pyrex flask was extracted with Xylene for future test of fullerenes.
The Gieger counter did not showed radiation more than background during the tests.

Conclusions
Some natural graphite clamed to be pure actual contains lots of iron in non magnetic compounds. There are some iron left in the washed graphite and the test was incomplete.
No of the hypothesis can be excluded on this. This may be a good experience for new tests.
Special important will be...
1.Pure synthetic graphite.
2.Better heat resistant containers.

[djolds1]

Hi now have I made some tests of microwave graphite. It turned not well out and my microwave oven get some harm. But it was fun to play mad scientist again. I want to make this experiment in a good way. I may have time for this in the summer. If some one find were to buy cheap synthetic graphite please tell me. Have forgiveness with my bad gingrich.

Graphite in a microwave oven.

Torulf Greek 2012. 04. 06

Nice work. Thank you for the effort and report.